Software Engineering SEM-4 Short Question Solution

 Short Question Solution







a.                Enlist various objectives of Software Engineering.

Ans:

Objectives of Software Engineering

  1. Correctness – Ensure the software meets user requirements and functions as intended.
  2. Efficiency – Optimize resource usage like CPU time and memory.
  3. Maintainability – Make it easy to update, modify, and fix bugs.
  4. Scalability – Support future growth and additional features.
  5. Security – Protect against unauthorized access and threats.
  6. Reliability – Ensure software functions correctly under different conditions.

b.               Explain any three uses of component diagram.

Ans:



Uses of Component Diagram

  1. System Architecture Representation – Helps visualize the structure and dependencies between software components.
  2. Reusability – Identifies reusable software components to reduce development time.
  3. Dependency Management – Shows how different parts of the system interact, helping in understanding system dependencies.

Example: In an e-commerce application, a component diagram can show components like "User Authentication," "Product Catalog," and "Payment Gateway."


c.                Draw a neat labelled diagram of prototype diagram.

Ans:



Prototype Model Diagram

A prototype model visually represents how the software will function before actual development.

Neatly labeled diagram (You can draw this based on the below description):

  • User interacts with Prototype
  • Prototype is tested and reviewed
  • Feedback is given to the Development Team
  • Necessary modifications are made
  • Final system is developed

d.               Differentiate Function point and Lines of  Code.

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e.                Design a test case table for login page with  minimum four test cases.

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f.                Write short note on six sigma approach.

Ans:


Six Sigma Approach:

  • A data-driven methodology aimed at process improvement and variation reduction.
  • It utilizes statistical tools and techniques to attain high levels of quality.
  • The goal is to achieve near perfection, with a target of no more than 3.4 defects per million opportunities. 



g.                Explain Cohesion in Software.

Ans:

Cohesion refers to how closely related the tasks within a software module are. High cohesion means a module performs a single, well-defined function, improving maintainability and reusability.

Types of Cohesion:

  1. Functional Cohesion – Module performs a single function (Best).
  2. Sequential Cohesion – Output of one function is input to another.
  3. Logical Cohesion – Similar functions grouped together.

Example: A "Login Module" that only handles authentication (username & password) has high cohesion, whereas a module that also manages profile updates has low cohesion.



h.                What is software reliability?

Ans:


Software reliability is the probability that software will perform without failure under specified conditions for a certain period. It is a key quality factor in software engineering.

Factors affecting reliability:

  1. Error Rate – Fewer bugs increase reliability.
  2. System Load – Performance under heavy usage.
  3. Fault Tolerance – Ability to recover from failures.

Example: A banking application must be highly reliable to process transactions without errors, ensuring customer trust.

 


i.                State characteristics of software metrics.

Ans:


Software metrics are used to measure and analyze software quality, performance, and efficiency.

Characteristics:

  1. Measurable – Provides quantifiable results.
  2. Consistent – Produces the same result under similar conditions.
  3. Objective – Based on data, not opinions.
  4. Comparable – Helps in evaluating different projects.

Example: Defect Density (number of bugs per 1000 lines of code) is a common software metric.



k.                State advantages and disadvantages of Waterfall model. 

Ans:

Advantages:

  1. Simple & easy to manage – Each phase is clearly defined.
  2. Well-documented process – Helps in future maintenance.
  3. Best for small projects – Works well with clear requirements.

Disadvantages:

  1. Not flexible – Difficult to make changes once development starts.
  2. Late testing – Errors found late increase cost and time.
  3. Not suitable for large projects – Complex systems require iterative models.

Example: Used in small-scale projects like static websites but not suitable for large applications like social media platforms.


l.                Explain Coupling in Software.

Ans:

Coupling refers to the degree of dependency between software modules. Lower coupling is better for maintainability and scalability.

Types of Coupling:

  1. Low Coupling (Good) – Modules work independently, reducing complexity.
  2. High Coupling (Bad) – Modules are tightly linked, making updates difficult.

Example: A "Payment Module" in an e-commerce site should be independent of the "User Profile Module", ensuring changes in one don’t affect the other.



m.                 Mention advantages of Extreme programming. 

Ans:


Extreme Programming (XP) is an agile software development method that focuses on flexibility and customer satisfaction.

Advantages:

  1. Continuous Testing – Reduces bugs and improves software quality.
  2. Customer Collaboration – Frequent feedback ensures better alignment with user needs.
  3. Pair Programming – Two developers work together, improving code quality.
  4. Fast Development – Frequent releases allow early issue detection.

Example: XP is used in startups and rapid software development where quick updates are required.


n.                Explain the function of Modules in Software. 

Ans:


Modules in software help break down a program into smaller, manageable parts.

Functions of Modules:

  1. Encapsulation – Groups related functions together, improving organization.
  2. Reusability – Modules can be reused in different applications.
  3. Scalability – Allows easy addition of new features.

Example: A "User Management Module" in a web application handles login, registration, and profile updates separately from other modules like payments.



o.                Enlist the importance of Software testing.

Ans:


Importance of Software Testing (3 Marks)

Software testing ensures that a system meets requirements and functions correctly.

Importance of Testing:

  1. Bug Detection – Identifies and fixes software errors before release.
  2. Security Assurance – Protects against cyber threats and data leaks.
  3. Performance Optimization – Ensures smooth and efficient software operation.
  4. User Satisfaction – Ensures that software meets customer expectations.

Example: A mobile banking app must be tested for security and transaction accuracy before deployment.



 

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